Kumyks

The uniform point of view on an origin of Kumyks isn't present. According to the scientist Klaprota, they — descendants the Khazar, so known in medieval historical chronicles; one of tribes of Kumyks still is called "Sheezari". According to other scientists, Kumyks — it is the Tatars long ago located in the Caucasus and transformed to a powerful tribe, called "Kumyks" and "kazi-Kumyks" (about these last we will talk later).
When there was well-known Tamerlan, Kumyks obeyed to this conqueror, as well as tribes of mothers-katov, so tells Sheref-ad-din, speaking about Tamerlan's last campaign against khan Tokhtamysh. From this it is possible to draw a conclusion that the Kumyks acting on the party of Tamerlan, probably, were descendants Kipshak or one of tribes of the Golden Horde. Ptolemaeus mentions the people Kama, or Kamaki, living in those places where Kumyks are now settled.

Modern Kumyks speak on the Turkic adverb different from an adverb of Nogais; long since they practise Islam Sunni sense and though in customs, customs, clothes they are similar to mountaineers, as a result of mixture with them, they consider themselves as Tatars by origin.
The first contacts of Russia with masters of Kumyks are dated 1614, in archives the certificate relating to this year on the fidelity, sent by tsar Mikhail Fedorovich to the Kumyk khan by the Weight and to his brothers is mentioned; next year other document containing data on submission of Kumyks of Russia is dated. In any case it is possible to assume that even before time some Kumyk tribes were already depending on Russia, in particular in 1594 when in Feodor Ioannovich's [367] reign near Koysu the city, also as well as in 1604 when at Boris Godunov fortresses on Sunzha, in Enderi and in vicinities of Torquay were under construction was founded.
The same year Kumyks rose and, having united with Circassians and Lezgians of Dagestan, compelled valorous voivode Buturlin to recede for Terek and to leave above-mentioned fortresses. Nevertheless Kumyks continued to maintain the friendly relations with Russia till 1722 when Peter I undertook a campaign to Persia; then Kumyks rose again, they attacked Russians, but were crushed and punished for the treachery by plunder of the settlement of Enderi in which was then to three thousand houses. From now on Kumyks were faithful to our government and all the time were quiet and obedient.